![]() "The question," he wrote, "is whether the words are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has the right to prevent. (1919): Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes stated in this case his famous aphorism about "falsely shouting fire in a theatre" and set forth a "clear and present danger test" to judge whether speech is protected by the First Amendment. Supreme Court Links | Findlaw First Amendment Annotations Expanded |įoundations of Free Expression: Historic Cases | Foundations of Free Expression: Historic Cases | The Right to Read Freely | Freedom of Expression in Schools | Minors' First Amendment Rights | Free Press | The Right to Dissent | The Right to Free Association and the Freedom of Religion | Right to Privacy and Anonymity | When Is Speech Unprotected? | The First Amendment and New Technologies | Related Court Cases | U.S. = United States Supreme Court Reports Lawyers' Edition, Second Seriesį.Supp.2d = Federal Supplement Second Series = United States Supreme Court Reports Lawyers' Edition Other conventions may apply, depending on which case reporter is involved. 1992), tells the names of the main parties in the case ("Kreimer" who sued the "Bureau of Police for Morristown"), the abbreviated title of the case reporter where the decision is published ("F.2d" for Federal Reporter, Second Series)-which is preceded by the particular volume number ("958") of the reporter and followed by the page number ("242") where the decision begins-and, in parentheses, the name of court that issued the decision ("3d Cir." for Circuit of Appeals for the Third Circuit) and the year ("1992"). Bureau of Police for Morristown, 958 F.2d 1241 (3d Cir. The standard citation is given to indicate where to find the complete text of a decision. Arranged by topic, they cover case law issued by a variety of courts: the Supreme Court of the United States, the Court of Appeals of different Federal circuits, the District Court of several Federal districts, as well as the highest court of several states and particular appellate courts of action. This page contains summaries of frequently cited First Amendment cases. 3-D Printing in Libraries: Policies and Best Practices.Meeting Rooms, Exhibit Spaces, and Programs.Intellectual Freedom and Censorship Q & A.Interpretations of the Library Bill of Rights.Poll: Voters Oppose Book Bans in Libraries.ALA Statement on Censorship of Information Addressing Racial Injustice, Black American History, and Diversity Education.Library Services to the Incarcerated and Detained.Library Services for Patrons with Alzheimer's/Dementia.Libraries Respond: Protecting and Supporting Transgender Staff and Patrons. ![]() Libraries Respond: National Day of Healing.Libraries Respond: Immigrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers.Libraries Respond: Drag Queen Story Hour.Libraries Respond: Cyber-bullying and Doxxing.Libraries Respond: Combating Xenophobia and Fake News in light of COVID-19.Hateful Conduct in Libraries: Supporting Library Workers and Patrons.Cultural Programming to Promote Diversity.ALA and Affiliate Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Statements.Technology Access and Assistive Technology.Access to Library Resources and Services. ![]()
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